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Jeff O'Callaghan the_imagineers@yahoo.com Please visit Shadows to view it in a continuous format with internal links to chapter web sites or Shadowpdf for a printable version in pdf format. |
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Chapter Twelve Gravity and the Fourth Spatial Dimension Energy gradients in a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension are the casualty of gravitational forces. (The physical mechanism responsible for gravitational forces, proposed here, has similarities to the mechanism responsible the magnitude of a unit electric charge that will be defined in Chapter thirteen in that they are both related to energy gradients in a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.) Chapter one postulated a volume of space is composed of a continuous non-quantized "field" of mass and energy. In Chapter eight the relative masses of a proton and electron were derived in terms of energy gradients formed in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. It was shown these energy gradients are generated by a rotation of a continuous non-quantized mass component of three-dimensional space. However, energy gradients a continuous non-quantized mass and energy components of space are also responsible for gravitational forces. The mechanism responsible for gravitational forces can be understood by comparing them to a marble and a rod on "surface" of a rubber diaphragm. The marble on the diaphragm will represent a particle or object on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold and the rod will represent the "W" axis of a fourth *spatial* dimension. (The "W" axis of a fourth *spatial* dimension was defined earlier in Chapter ten.) If the end of the rod is orientated perpendicular to the "surface" of the diaphragm and is allowed to touch it without putting any pressure on it, the rod will be perpendicular to the "surface". The "surface" of the diaphragm will remain flat. The marble on the flat diaphragm would not move. However, if pressure is applied to the rod, the "surface" of the diaphragm will become depressed and will no longer be perpendicular to the rod. Gravitational forces will then have a tangential component along the "surface" of the rubber diaphragm. The tangential component of gravitational force directed along the "surface" of the diaphragm will cause the marble to move towards the apex of the depression. A similar affect occurs in a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension when an energy gradient is present in space. The rotational energy of an energy gradient defined in Chapter eight which is directed "perpendicular" to a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold will cause a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold to become distorted or "depressed" with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. This generates a four-dimensional cone in a "surface" of the three-dimensional space manifold. (The curvature in space caused by this "depression" is analogous to the space-time curvature "The General Theory of Relativity" uses to define the force of gravity. However, they differ in that "Shadows" defines this "curvature" in terms of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time.) In Chapter ten, the magnitude of all forms of energy was derived in terms of a spatial "separation" in a "surface" of a three-dimensional manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. The spatial "separation" in two "surfaces" of a three-dimensional space manifold |