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Jeff O'Callaghan the_imagineers@yahoo.com Please visit Shadows to view it in a continuous format with internal links to chapter web sites or Shadowpdf for a printable version in pdf format. |
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Chapter Four The Photon a Particle or Wave? Why does a photon behave at times like a particle and at other times like a wave? The answer to this question can be found by defining both the particle and wave properties of a photon in terms of a resonant "structure" generated by a matterenergy wave on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. Chapter one postulated space is composed of a continuous non-quantized "field" of mass and energy. Chapter two defined the quantum or particle properties of mass and energy in terms of resonant "structures" formed in a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension by "vibrations" in a continuous non-quantized mass or matterfield and energy or energyfield component of space. Chapter three derived the wave properties of a photon in terms of a matterenergy wave on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension generated by "vibrations" in a continuous non-quantized mass and energy field component of space. Chapter two showed the "vibrations" responsible for the generating a matterenergy also generate resonant "structures" in a continuous non-quantized matter and energy field component of space that defined the quantum properties of mass and energy in Chapter two. Therefore, Chapters two and three define the wave and particle or quantum properties of individual photons in terms a common mechanism related to resonant "structures" formed by a matterenergy wave on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. This is because they define both the quantum and wave properties of a photon's energy in terms "vibrations" in a continuous non-quantized mass and energy component of space. The unique energies associated with a resonant "structure" caused by a matterenergy wave on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension associated with the quantum properties of a photon is demonstrated, in part, by the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from matter upon the absorption of electromagnetic energy. The emission of electrons from matter is observed to begin as soon as light or electromagnetic energy strikes it. This supports the quantum theory of electromagnetic energy because wave theory predicts delayed emissions of electrons. In addition, it was observed that varying the intensity of the light does not change the velocity of the electrons ejected but only their numbers. Einstein based his quantum theory electromagnetic radiation, in part, on these photoelectric observations. He realized these observations could only be explained by assuming photons consist of discrete "packets" or quanta of energy that is depended on their frequency. The reason delayed emission is not observed in the photoelectric effect is because as Chapters two and three indicated the energy of individual photons was the result of individual quantized resonant "structures" formed on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension by the passage of a matterenergy wave. Therefore, the energy of a resonant "structure" associated with a specific photon would be directly dependent on the frequency of the matterenergy wave responsible for its propagation. If the energy associated with a resonant "structure" of a photon of a given frequency is sufficient it will instantly eject an individual electron off a photoelectric surface and the emission of electrons will begin immediately. The velocity of an electron leaving a photoelectric surface is not effected by the |